abstract_it: La carrellata è un movimento compiuto da una macchina da presa (chiamata anche \"cinepresa\" o in breve \"mdp\"), o da una telecamera, solitamente con l'ausilio di un carrello. Nell'effettuare la carrellata, un macchinista muove fisicamente il carrello sul quale è posta la macchina da presa, seguendo un percorso prestabilito. In molti casi si predispongono dei binari, specie se il terreno è accidentato. Lo scopo dell'impiego di un carrello è infatti quello di consentire una ripresa fluida e stabile. La velocità del carrello può variare più o meno a seconda delle esigenze dell'inquadratura. Spetta al regista, o al direttore della fotografia, decidere in che direzione e con quale velocità muovere il carrello (sempre che non si deleghi la decisione all'operatore). Rispetto al soggetto ripreso, il carrello può muoversi in avanti, indietro, lateralmente, verticalmente o in circolo. Può anche scorrere su binari fissati al soffitto (come in Taxi Driver, nella leggendaria ripresa al termine della sparatoria). Particolari tipi di carrelli sono forniti di una pedana per l'operatore e di vari accessori, come ad esempio un braccio mobile, dotato di molle o contrappesi, che sorregga la mdp. In base alla lunghezza e al tipo di braccio usato, questi carrelli sono chiamati in gergo con i termini inglesi \"dolly\", \"crane\" e \"louma\". La carrellata può anche essere effettuata con l'ausilio di una gru, di una steadicam, di una camera-car, o di altre attrezzature, con o senza ruote, utilizzate nelle riprese aeree o nelle panoramiche (come le fly-cam o le sky-cam). La carrellata può anche essere effettuata variando la lunghezza focale di un obiettivo dotato di zoom: in questo caso si ottiene una \"carrellata ottica\", detta in gergo \"zoommata\" (assai frequente nelle riprese televisive). È possibile combinare in vari modi la carrellata ottica col movimento del carrello, ottenendo vari effetti nella ripresa. Uno di questi effetti è detto comunemente \"effetto vertigo\" (dal titolo del film Vertigo, di Alfred Hitchcock, in cui fu usata per rendere l'idea delle vertigini): consiste nel contrapporre una zoommata in avanti ad un arretramento del carrello (o viceversa). La carrellata e la panoramica hanno i loro motivi di applicazione: possono essere applicate per seguire un attore durante il suo movimento, aggiustare l'inquadratura se l'attore si è spostato, seguire lo stesso se sta per andare fuori campo, rendere la scena più drammatica creando tensione (vedi per esempio le carrellate a seguire nel labirinto e nei corridoi dell'hotel in Shining di Stanley Kubrick), dinamicizzare ancora di più un movimento veloce etc. Altri Tipi di carrellata: Carrellata a distanziare ( Pull Back Retraction )Scopo principale della carrellata è il distanziamento emotivo dello spettatore che vede allontanarsi da sé un personaggio, ad esempio, racchiuso in una prigione oppure un innamorato che si allontana mentre il treno va via ( lo spettatore vede come l'innamorata che resta sul treno e si allontana dal suo amato ). Carrellata indietro a scoprire ( Back Reveal ): il quadro mostra una porzione della scena, poi la MDP arretra e mostra l'intera scena con, a volte, effetti drammatici o di horror a sorpresa. Carrellata circolare ( Spin around ): la MDP ruota intorno alla scena. In Matrix la MDP ruota intorno al telefono quando i personaggi vengono trasportati nelle loro esistenze virtuali. Carrellata verso l'alto ( Depth Dolly ): si ottiene con un movimento perpendicolare alla linea d'azione nella scena allo scopo di accrescere il senso di profondità. Carrellata circolare sullo sguardo ( Spin Look ). qui la MDP gira intorno ad un attore per mostrare allo spettatore ciò che lui vede; ma in controcampo può accadere che la MDP giri intorno all'oggetto per mostrare ciò che l'attore guarda fuori dalla sua inquadratura.Carrellata attraverso le pareti (Track Throungh Solid )Si praticano dei tagli nelle pareti di scena e si fa passare la MDP in mezzo: in questo modo si ha l'impressione che la MDP possa passare attraverso le pareti come in Blade Runner ( Ridley Scott, Usa, 1982 ): quando Deckard entra nell'edificio, la MDP con una gru passa attraverso il tetto della stazione di polizia. Effetto Vertigo. Amplifica il senso prospettico carrellando in avanti e, nello stesso tempo, zoomando all'indietro, ottenendo così un effetto di ebrezza, di diagio. Eccezionale Hitchcock in La donna che visse due volte, Usa 1958, quando James Stewart soffre di vertigini e cerca di vincere la sua folle paura: memorabile!Carrellata a perdere( Collapse Dolly )la MDP si muove all'indietro mentre un attore le viene incontro. L'attore è più veloce del movimento della MDP sin quando non la oltrepassa ed esce a lato. Sulla Carrellata, cfr. Jeremy Vineyard, Come realizzare i vostri film, Castoro, Milano, 2000, pp. 61-66-

abstract_es: Traveling \"acarreo\" (voz inglesa: «viajando» y que al español también podría ser traducida por «desplazando» o «desplazamiento»), se emplea en el cine para indicar que la cámara se desplaza de su ubicación mientras se graban imágenes. El desplazamiento se realiza frecuentemente sobre un pequeño vagón que rueda sobre unas vías, a fin de asegurar la máxima suavidad de movimiento, especialmente en suelos irregulares. En caso de suelos lisos se utiliza un soporte con ruedas de goma, para evitar el laborioso montaje de las vías. En el cine se desplaza a menudo la cámara con las manos y andando, para conferir una impresión más realista a las imágenes. Sin embargo, este modo de desplazamiento no se considera un travelling desde el punto de vista mecánico, aunque si desde el narrativo. Finalmente, existe también el travelling realizado desde una grúa, que puede llegar hasta el nivel del suelo, levantarse hasta una altura considerable, y girar en todas las direcciones. Un buen travelling pasa generalmente desapercibido al espectador, quien se encuentra inmerso en la acción, pero contribuye considerablemente a amenizar la película desde un punto de vista fotográfico.

abstract_pl: Travelling (US: traveling, z ang. \"podróżujący\") - w polskiej terminologii jazda. Jako pojęcie filmowe jazda oznacza ujęcie z ruchomej kamery, która porusza się na wózku (dolce) lub zaadaptowanym do zdjęć pojeździe. Nie jest travellingiem albo jazdą poruszenie kamery na głowicy czy ramieniu kamerowym. Kamera zmieniająca w czasie ujęcia pozycję na steadicamie jest często brana przez widza za jazdę, mimo że w rzeczywistości jest pracą kamery z ręki. Jazda (travelling) nie musi rejestrować obiektu czy aktora w ruchu. Często kładzie się jazdy i kręci ujęcia w których kamera jest w ruchu w pustych pomieszczeniach, by zdynamizować pokazywanie ich na ekranie.

label_en: Tracking shot

abstract_fr: Le travelling est un déplacement de la caméra au cours de la prise de vues, dont l'une des utilisations est de suivre un sujet parallèlement à son mouvement, une autre de se rapprocher ou de s'éloigner du sujet, de le contourner et éventuellement d'en révéler de nouveaux aspects.

label_fr: Travelling

abstract_de: Die Kamerafahrt ist die Bewegung einer Kamera durch den Raum beim Filmen.Um ein Verwackeln des Bildes bei der Kamerabewegung zu vermeiden, kommen im professionellen Bereich verschiedene technische Hilfsmittel zum Einsatz: \n*  Dolly (Kamerawagen), der für zusätzliche Präzision oft auf Schienen gezogen wird. \n*  Rollstative \n*  Steadicams ermöglichen verwacklungsfreie Fahrten mit der Handkamera. \n*  Kamerabühnen, Kamerakräne oder auch Hubschrauber ermöglichen die Einbeziehung der dritten Dimension. \n*  Seilkameras ermöglichen Fahrten über weite Strecken hinweg Neben diesen filmspezifischen Hilfsmitteln finden auch Motorräder (Radrennen), fahrende Autos oder Leiterwagen Verwendung. Häufig gezeigt werden Kamerafahrten, die sich auf das Geschehen zubewegen (zum Beispiel von der Totalen auf den Closeup). Jedoch bleiben Kamerafahrten durchaus nicht auf die zwei Dimensionen in der Ebene beschränkt. Im Gegensatz zur Kamerafahrt steht der Kameraschwenk, wobei sich die Kamera (auf dem Stativ oder in der Hand) um einen fixen Punkt dreht. Dies entspricht der Kopfbewegung, um einen größeren Ausschnitt des Geschehens zu erfassen.

label_pl: Travelling (technika filmowa)

abstract_en: A tracking shot is any shot where the camera moves alongside the object(s) it is recording. In cinematography, the term refers to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly that is then placed on rails – like a railroad track. The camera is then pushed along the track while the image is being filmed. A tracking shot generally runs lateral to or alongside its subject since the tracks would be visible in a shot of any distance that moved toward or away from its subject (a maneuver which is formally called a dolly shot and which is usually performed on a freestanding dolly that is not rolled along tracks). The technique is often used to follow a subject that would otherwise leave the frame (ergo, it is often called a following shot), such as an actor or vehicle in motion. In this spirit, any conveyance, including via a motorized vehicle, like a car, may also be used to create a tracking shot. A handheld or Steadicam mounted camera following a similar trajectory is called a tracking shot as well. While the core idea is that the camera moves parallel to its subject, a tracking shot may move in a semi-circular fashion, rotating around its subject while remaining equidistant.

label_pt: Travelling

label_nl: Tracking shot

label_it: Carrellata

abstract_pt: Travelling, na terminologia de cinema e audiovisual, é todo movimento de câmara em que esta realmente se desloca no espaço - em oposição aos movimentos de panorâmica, nos quais a câmara apenas gira sobre o seu próprio eixo, sem se deslocar.  O termo travelling também pode ser usado para se referir ao tipo de equipamento utilizado para obter tais movimentos. Na maioria das situações, o travelling é obtido movimentando-se a câmara com o auxílio de um carrinho sobre trilhos, o que permite um deslocamento mais suave em qualquer tipo de terreno. Este tipo de equipamento (carrinho + trilhos) também é chamado de travelling. Sendo o piso mais regular, pode-se usar um carrinho com pneus, em geral chamado de dolly, que tem a vantagem de poder deslocar-se em qualquer direção e não apenas no sentido dos trilhos. Deslocamentos de câmara feitos com câmara na mão também são considerados travellings, assim como movimentos utilizando gruas ou estabilizadores de câmara como o Steadicam - desde que, durante o plano, a câmara realmente se desloque no espaço, e não apenas gire sobre o seu eixo horizontal ou vertical (o que caracterizaria uma panorâmica).

label_es: Travelling

abstract_nl: Een tracking shot is een filmtechniek waar de camera, op rails of wielen, naar of van het onderwerp wordt bewogen. Hierdoor wordt de camera minder geschud. Een tracking shot wordt ook wel dolly shot (een dolly is een rijdende camera) of trucking shot genoemd. Een lang en continu tracking shot kan worden gebruikt als een manier om de personages direct te introduceren. De Italiaanse film Cabiria uit 1914, geregisseerd door Giovanni Pastrone, was de eerste populaire film waarin een tracking shot werd gebruikt. Filmmakers noemden het daarom een \"Cabiria beweging\", ondanks dat sommige Amerikaanse, Russische en Engelse films de techniek al eerder hadden gebruikt. Als er tijdens een dolly shot gezoomd wordt, wordt dit shot een \"dolly zoom\" of vertigoshot genoemd. Dit is vernoemd naar de kerktorenscène uit Vertigo (1958) door Alfred Hitchcock, waarbij een dolly zoom werd gebruikt om duizeligheid te creëren.

label_de: Kamerafahrt


label_en: Mizuno clan

abstract_fr: Le clan Mizuno (水野氏, Mizuno-shi) est un clan japonais qui prétend descendre de la branche Seiwa Genji du clan Minamoto. Durant la période Edo, le clan Mizuno produit de nombreux fudai daimyo au service du Shogunat Tokugawa ainsi que de nombreuses familles de hatamoto. Dame Odai, mère de Tokugawa Ieyasu, est la fille d'un Mizuno, précisément Tadamasa Mizuno du château de Kariya. Mizuno Tadakuni, le réformateur politique de la fin de la période Edo, est un descendant de ce clan qui règne sur l'éphémère domaine d'Ogawa.

comment_en: The Mizuno clan (水野氏 Mizuno-shi) was a Japanese clan which claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji.

comment_ja: 水野氏（みずのし）は、清和源氏を称する日本の氏族。戦国時代には緒川城、刈谷城を中心に尾張国南部の知多半島と三河国西部に領地を広げ、織田氏や徳川氏と同盟を結び最盛期には24万石と称される勢力となった。 宗家のほか、大高水野氏、常滑水野氏などの諸氏があった。宗家は徳川家康の母・伝通院の実家にあたり、江戸時代には徳川氏の外戚家として遇された。柳営秘鑑では、岡崎譜代とされる。近世大名家を輩出した一族の一つであり、また江戸時代中期から後期には幕府の老中に人物を輩出し続け、享保の改革や天保の改革に関与するなど、国政を握った。 幕末期においては、下総結城藩、駿河沼津藩、上総鶴牧藩、出羽山形藩の各藩の藩主が水野氏であった。その他、寛文7年（1667年）に改易となった上野安中藩の藩主や紀州藩の附家老であった紀伊新宮城主もこの一族であった。

label_fr: Clan Mizuno

comment_de: Die Mizuno (jap. 水野氏, Mizuno-shi) waren eine verzweigte Familie des japanischen Schwertadels (Buke), die aus der Provinz Owari stammte und die sich auf Minamoto Mitsumasa (Seiwa-Genji) zurück führte. Mit einem Einkommen von 50.000 Koku gehörten die in Yamagata residierenden Mizuno zu den größeren Fudai-Daimyō der Edo-Zeit.

label_pt: Clã Mizuno

comment_pt: O clã Mizuno (水野氏, Mizuno-shi?) foi um clã do Japão que alegava descendência do ramo Seiwa Genji do clã Minamoto. No Período Edo, o clã Mizuno produziu diversos fudai daimyo subordinados ao xogunato Tokugawa, bem como incontáveis famílias de hatamoto. Odai, mãe de Tokugawa Ieyasu, era filha de um Mizuno; especificamente Mizuno Tadamasa do Castelo de Kariya. O reformador político do final do Período Edo Mizuno Tadakuni era descendente do clã.

label_de: Mizuno (Klan)

label_ja: 水野氏


name_en: Osney Bridge

label_en: Osney Bridge

comment_en: Osney Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in Oxford, England, built in 1889 to replace a stone bridge which collapsed in 1885. It carries the Botley Road (A420) from Botley into Oxford. The Thames Path crosses the river on this bridge, just above Osney Lock. Osney Bridge has the lowest headroom of any across the navigable Thames.

abstract_en: Osney Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in Oxford, England, built in 1889 to replace a stone bridge which collapsed in 1885. It carries the Botley Road (A420) from Botley into Oxford. The Thames Path crosses the river on this bridge, just above Osney Lock. The original bridge was probably built by the monks of Osney Abbey, to carry the main road across the millstream of Osney Mill west from the island then known as Osney. By the early 17th century it was a three arch stone construction. In 1790 the millstream became the main navigation channel of the river, and the bridge became a serious obstruction to navigation by the mid 19th century. In 1885 the central arch collapsed leaving massive piers Osney Bridge has the lowest headroom of any across the navigable Thames.

bridgeCarries: A420 road


label_en: 1938 in Australian rules football

prefLabel_en: 1938 in Australian rules football


label_en: Oro Solido

comment_en: Oro Solido is a New York-based Merengue group. Oro Solido have sold several albums, reaching household name status. Their music has even been featured on film as well as being played on tropical music stations since 1995.

comment_de: Oro Solido ist eine Gruppe dominikanischer Merenguemusiker. Sie wurden zu einem feststehenden Begriff in der Stilrichtung Merengue, einige ihrer Titel wurden in der Filmmusik verwendet und seit 1995 wird die Musik der Band sehr häufig auf Radiosendern der tropischen Musik gespielt.

label_de: Oro Solido


personName: Sadath Sayeed, MD, JD

title_en: Chief Medical Officer


label_en: Civil Affairs Staging Area

abstract_en: The Civil Affairs Staging Area (CASA) also known as the Civil Affairs Holding and Staging Area was a combined U.S. Army, U.S Navy military formation authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on June 18, 1944 during World War Two for military government theater planning, training and provision of military government personnel to areas of the Far East liberated from the Empire of Japan, including East China, Formosa and Korea. CASA had two divisions: The Operations and Training Division focused on language instruction and execution of civil affairs duties at a local level. These duties varied greatly and, as an example, included mass feeding of civilians, camp sanitation, provision of medical supplies, containment of epidemic diseases, labor relations and rodent control. The Theatre Planning & Research Division developed plans for military government at a national level such as control of Japan's economic institutions, control of Japan's education system and methods for increasing the overall supply of food throughout, not only Japan, but also previously occupied areas like East China. CASA provided comprehensive training and planning in civil affairs administration to officers coming from six schools of military government established at various universities throughout the United States. Army & Navy personnel trained by CASA numbered in the thousands, with more than 1,000 officers assigned to a wide variety of civil affairs positions for the initial occupation of Japan alone. The goal of the U.S. Army's Civil Affairs Division in the creation of CASA was to replicate the same success in the Far East experienced by the Civil Affairs Division in the European Theatre. General John H. Hilldring ordered Colonel Hardy C. Dillard, Commander of the Civil Affairs Training Division for the European Theater of Operations, to take command of CASA from Colonel William A. Boekel and implement the European Civil Affair's planning and training program. Colonel Dillard was relieved of command on 20 July 1945 by Brigadier General Percy L. Sadler.


label_en: Ontario students' associations

prefLabel_en: Ontario students' associations


nick_en: Rams

name_en: Palm Beach Lakes Community High School

label_en: Palm Beach Lakes Community High School

address_en: 3505 Shiloh Drive

abstract_en: Palm Beach Lakes Community High School, also known as Lakes or PBL, is a coeducational public high school located in the Palm Beach Lakes community of West Palm Beach, Florida. It is under the jurisdiction of the School District of Palm Beach County. The school has the Teacher's Academy Program and serves as the Law Magnet for the entire county. Once having an enrollment of over 3,500, Palm Beach Lakes was once one of the largest schools in its district. However, due to Florida's Class Size Amendment and the continuous building of high schools in the district, Palm Beach Lakes has a school enrollment of just over 3,000. However, it still remains one of the largest high schools in South Florida.

slogan_en: \"A New Tradition\"


name_en: Gustav von Mevissen

givenName_en: Gustav

label_en: Gustav von Mevissen

abstract_fr: Gustav Mevissen, appelé à partir de 1884 Gustav von Mevissen (né le 20 mai 1815 à Dülken et décédé le 13 août 1899 à Bad Godesberg) est un industriel et homme politique allemand. Après des débuts dans le textile, il investit dans les chemins de fer et dans l'industrie lourde. Pionnier, il fonde également plusieurs banques dont la Darmstädter Bank ainsi que des sociétés d'assurance. Sur le plan politique, il est un des meneurs des libéraux rhénans. Il entre au parlement régional de la Rhénanie prussienne, puis au parlement uni prussien et enfin au parlement de Francfort durant la révolution de mars 1848. En 1866, il intègre la chambre des seigneurs de Prusse, la chambre haute du parlement prussien.

label_fr: Gustav von Mevissen

comment_de: Gustav Mevissen, seit 1884 Gustav von Mevissen (* 20. Mai 1815 in Dülken, Rheinprovinz; † 13. August 1899 in Bad Godesberg) war ein deutscher Unternehmer und Politiker. Ausgehend von der Textilherstellung investierte Mevissen in den Eisenbahnbau und die Schwerindustrie. Als Gründer zahlreicher Banken, darunter der Darmstädter Bank, sowie Versicherungen gehört er zu den Pionieren des deutschen Kredit- und Versicherungswesens. Als Politiker war er einer der führenden Vertreter des rheinischen Liberalismus. Mevissen gehörte dem Provinziallandtag der Rheinprovinz, dem Vereinigten Landtag, der Frankfurter Nationalversammlung und ab 1866 dem Preußischen Herrenhaus an.

abstract_en: Gustav Mevissen, after 1884 known as Gustav von Mevissen, (20 May 1815 – 13 August 1899), was a German businessman and politician. Mevissen was born in Dülken, Rhine Province. He started by investing in textile industry and later in railway construction and heavy industry. He founded numerous banks, including the Darmstädter Bank, and insurance companies. He is considered a pioneer of the German credit and insurance industry. As a politician he was a leading representative of Rhineland liberalism and he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Rhine Province, the Vereinigter Landtag, the Frankfurt Parliament. From 1866 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords. He died in Bad Godesberg.

gender_en: male

description_en: German businessman and politician

label_de: Gustav von Mevissen


abstract_it: La litofanìa è un tipo di decorazione su porcellana che soltanto si può apprezzare quando è illuminata da dietro da una fonte di luce. È un disegno che appare allora in colore grigio.Una litofanìa presenta un'immagine tridimensionale, completamente diversa dalle immagini bidimensionali tali come incisioni o dagherrotipi. L'immagine cambia dipende dalla luce dietro lei, e questi cambi fanno le litofanìe ancora più interessanti.Il termino litofanìe deriva dal greco \"litho\", che significa pietra, e \"phainein\" che significa \"per far apparire\". Le prime litofanìe si producevano contemporaneamente in Francia, Germania, Prussia e Inghilterra negli anni 20 del XIX secolo. Alcuni storici dicono che Baron Paul de Bourging (1791-1864) è stato l'inventore delle litofaníe in Francia con l'invenzione del processo \"email ombrant\" (decorazione di ceramica) nel 1827. Robert Griffith Jones acquistò i diritti e la licenza di Boourging nel 1828 per permettere alle fabbriche inglesi fare questi lavori. Altri storici dicono che è stato Georg Friedrich Christoph (1781-1848) di Prusia a migliorare il processo di lavoro nel 1828. Ma altri ancora credono che la tecnica è stata sviluppata a Berlino e altre zoni di Germania, come Königlichen Porzellan-Manufaktur e Porzellanmanufactur. Per questo, a volte le litofanìe sono chiamate \"trasparenze di Berlino\". Ci sono delle marche, Ad'T', su litofanìe di Rubles, vicino Melun in Francia. Si crede sia la marca Barone A. de Tremblay. Molti autori credono che l'idea originale provienne dalla Cina, mille anni prima della dinastia Tang. Secondo R. L. Hobson, durante la dinastia Ming i cinesi producevano ciotole “sottili come carta\" con decorazione segrete. Nei primi paper anni del XIX secolo molti studiosi trovarono connessioni tra la ceramica europea dei secoli XVIII e XIX e la porcellana cinese. In Francia si usava il termine \"Bianco di Cina\" per riferirsi alla ceramica traslucida cinese. Le litofaníe si producevano in Austria, Belgio, Boemia, Cecoslovacchia, Danimarca, Inghilterra, Francia, Germania, Irlanda, Italia, Norvegia, Portogallo, Russia, Svezia e Galles nel secolo XIX. E dopo anche negli Stati Uniti. I temi popolari nelle litofanìe erano scene di religione, ritratti, temi literari, ecc. Alcune sono stati fatte per la conmemorazione della Torre Eiffel nel 1889.

abstract_es: La litofanía consiste básicamente en la proyección de una luz (antiguamente, de una vela, pero también de luz solar) a través de una lámina semitransparente en la que se ha modelado un volumen. El cambio de grosor hace que al trasluz varíe la opacidad de cada parte de tal manera que las zonas más oscuras de la imagen original están resueltas con mayor grosor de lámina y las más claras con menor grosor. El resultando es que al pasar una luz a través de la lámina de litofanía vemos la imagen en claroscuro. Originalmente, el grabado se modelaba en cera, que luego se pasaba a porcelana como material definitivo, y se usaba como decoración para lámparas de dormitorio, por ejemplo. Floreció en el siglo XVIII, sobre todo en Alemania y Francia, extendiéndose rápidamente por toda Europa en el siglo XIX. Actualmente, se producen digitalmente sobre pantallas de polímeros como la poliamida. Se afirma que las inventó el barón de Bourgoing en 1827, y se hicieron en Meissen desde 1828 y en la manufatura de porcelanas de Berlín de 1827 aprox. A 1850. Pero también se fabricaron en las manufacturas alemanas de Gotha y Plaue, y en las inglesas de Minton y Copeland, así como en Worcester donde en 1829 se concedió un permiso de fabricación a Grainger Lee & Co. Hay un museo dedicado a estas piezas en Toledo de Ohio (EE.UU.), el Blair Museum of Lithophanies. La casa de Samuel Colt tenía docenas de litofanías que había comprado en Berlín en 1855-1856. En 1855, encargó la fabricación de 111 litofanías a partir de una fotografía suya con su Colt Navy 1851.

abstract_pl: Litofan (z greckiego: λίθος – kamień i φαίνειν – dający widoczność) – cienka płytka porcelanowa wykorzystywana jako dekoracja, wyrzeźbiona wgłębnie w formie płaskorzeźby (przestrzennie) i oglądana w świetle przechodzącym, stąd chętnie wykorzystywana jako ozdobna osłona na różne źródła światła. Światło przechodząc przez półprzezroczystą materię (zwykle porcelanowy biskwit), tworzy cienie o intensywności zależnej od jej grubości w danym miejscu, dając niezwykłe efekty plastyczne obrazu, zwłaszcza w filującym ogniu świec lichtarza lub lampy naftowej. Dzięki światłu dwuwymiarowy i mało wyraźny obraz staje się wyraźny i trójwymiarowy. Litofan ma od 1,5 do 6 mm grubości i dość dowolną, ale zwykle niezbyt dużą powierzchnię. Jest to ozdoba delikatna, najczęściej oprawiona w metalową ramkę, która umożliwiała mocowanie całości przed źródłem światła. Litofany miały różną postać: płytek wieszanych w oknach, osłon do świecy, ekranu kominka, jednolitego lub segmentowego abażuru lampy, osłony latarni ogrodowej lub ogrzewacza. Bardzo rzadko spotyka się litofany należące do wyposażenia domku lalek. Na litofanach znalazły odbicie wszystkie motywy popularne w czasach, gdy powstawały. Ich wyrób nie był tani, więc do produkcji kierowano motywy mogące liczyć na nabywców. Do częstych należą tematy religijne, sceny biblijne, portrety, sceny rodzajowe i zaczerpnięte z literatury. Zachował się litofan z okazji otwarcia wieży Eiffla z 1889 roku.

label_en: Lithophane

abstract_fr: Une lithophanie est une œuvre gravée ou moulée en porcelaine très fine et translucide qui ne peut être vu clairement que rétro-éclairée par une source de lumière. Il s'agit d'une représentation ou une scène en intaille qui apparaît \"en grisaille\" (en niveau de gris). Une lithophanie présente une image en trois dimensions - complètement différentes des gravures en deux dimensions et des daguerréotypes qui sont \"à plat\". Les images modifient leurs caractéristiques en fonction de la source lumineuse derrière eux. Les scènes du panneau d'une lithophanie fixée à une fenêtre changent tout au long de la journée, selon la quantité de lumière du soleil. La source de lumière variable est ce qui rend les lithophanies plus intéressantes pour l'observateur que les images en deux dimensions.

comment_en: A lithophane (French: lithophanie) is an etched or molded artwork in very thin translucent porcelain that can only be seen clearly when back lit with a light source. It is a design or scene in intaglio that appears \"en grisaille\" (in gray) tones. The word \"lithophane\" derives from Greek \"litho\", which is from \"lithos\" which means stone or rock, and \"phainein\" meaning \"to cause to appear\" or \"to cause to appear suddenly\". From this is derived a meaning for lithophane of \"light in stone\" or to \"appear in stone\" as the three-dimensional image appears suddenly when lit with a back light source.

label_fr: Lithophanie

comment_de: Bei der Lithophanie (von griech. λίθος lithos „Stein“ und φαίνειν phainein „sichtbar machen, leuchten, erscheinen“; vereinzelt auch Lichtschirmbild) handelt es sich um eine Reliefdarstellung in transluzentem Material (häufig Porzellan, Kunststoff oder Glas), welche ihre Wirkung erst im Gegenlicht entfaltet. Später wurde diese Technik für die Glasherstellung und modern mit Hilfe von CNC-Maschinen bei Kunststoff angewandt. Als Variante der Diaphanie wurden als Fensterschmuck vorgesehene Lithophanien im 19. Jahrhundert auch aus reliefierten Papiermassen hergestellt.

abstract_de: Bei der Lithophanie (von griech. λίθος lithos „Stein“ und φαίνειν phainein „sichtbar machen, leuchten, erscheinen“; vereinzelt auch Lichtschirmbild) handelt es sich um eine Reliefdarstellung in transluzentem Material (häufig Porzellan, Kunststoff oder Glas), welche ihre Wirkung erst im Gegenlicht entfaltet. Eine Lithophanie besteht aus einer dünnen Materialschicht, meist einer Platte, die durch eine Lichtquelle von hinten beleuchtet wird. Durch die unterschiedliche Dicke des Materials, welche das Licht unterschiedlich stark durchscheinen lässt, entsteht beim Betrachter ein besonderer Licht- beziehungsweise Bildeffekt. Weil die stufenlosen Hell- und Dunkelschattierungen für die Gestaltung des Reliefs entscheidender sind als etwa die Konturen der Abbildung, wirkt die Lithophanie erst bei Einsetzen der Lichtquelle, was auch einen gewissen Überraschungseffekt erzielt. Ursprünglich wurde diese Technik in der Porzellanherstellung entwickelt, wobei vor dem Brennvorgang mit Hilfe eines Models ein Relief in eine Porzellanplatte eingepresst wurde. Dazu wurden die Umrisse eines Gemäldes oder einer Photographie frei auf dünnem Papier abgezeichnet. Dieses Papier wurde auf eine geglättete Wachsplatte gelegt und die Zeichnung durchgepaust. Im nächsten Schritt wurde die Wachsplatte vor eine Lichtquelle gehalten und mit dem Modelmesser bearbeitet, also die hellen Stellen des Gemäldes vertieft und die dunklen erhöht gelassen. Das Wachsmodell wird solange überarbeitet, bis das Gemälde durch das durchfallende Licht vollständig erkennbar ist. Diese Arbeit kann mehrere Wochen dauern. Das fertige Wachsmodel wird auf eine Glasplatte gelegt und flüssiger Gips darüber gegossen. Wenn der Gips getrocknet und gehörtet ist, wird er von dem Wachsmodel abgehoben und bildet die Form für die Lithophanie. In diese Form wird weiche Porzellanmasse eingefüllt und geglättet. Sobald die Gipsform, die die Feuchtigkeit aus der Porzellanmasse anzieht, vollständig getrocknet ist, wird die Porzellanschicht abgehoben, weiter getrocknet und schließlich gebrannt. Später wurde diese Technik für die Glasherstellung und modern mit Hilfe von CNC-Maschinen bei Kunststoff angewandt. In der Regel werden Lithophanieplatten vor Fensterscheiben gehängt, oder mehrere Reliefplatten werden zu einer Lampe zusammengefügt, welche früher mit Petroleum als Petroleumlampe oder mit einer Kerze von innen beleuchtet wurde. Durch moderne LED- Lichttechniken oder Leuchtfolien können Lithophanien heute auch als sehr dünnes, von hinten beleuchtetes Bild hergestellt werden. Lithophanien waren vor allem in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts sehr beliebt; das erste Patent wurde 1827 in Paris ausgestellt. Kurz darauf übernahmen die meisten Porzellanmanufakturen die Produktion von Lithophanien, wobei auch einzelne Produkte von der Konkurrenz kopiert wurden. Urheberrechtlich war die Zulässigkeit von Lithophanien umstritten. Besonders erfolgreich wurde die Produktion von „Lichtschirmbildern“ von der Königlichen Porzellan-Manufaktur Berlin zwischen 1830 und 1862 durchgeführt. Im Jahr 1849 wurden auf Anregung von Gottfried Henklein erstmals in der Porzellanmanufactur Plaue Lithophanien entwickelt. Bis heute werden sie immer noch hergestellt und mit neuen Motiven weitergeführt. Mittlerweile befinden sich über 2500 Lithophanie-Modelle in der Manufaktur. Auch wurden Lithophanien aus Weissglas mit Beginn der maschinellen Glasproduktion in den Boden von Biergläsern eingelassen, welche so erst beim Leeren des Glases sichtbar wurden. Als Variante der Diaphanie wurden als Fensterschmuck vorgesehene Lithophanien im 19. Jahrhundert auch aus reliefierten Papiermassen hergestellt.

label_pl: Litofan

abstract_en: A lithophane (French: lithophanie) is an etched or molded artwork in very thin translucent porcelain that can only be seen clearly when back lit with a light source. It is a design or scene in intaglio that appears \"en grisaille\" (in gray) tones. A lithophane presents a three-dimensional image - completely different from two-dimensional engravings and daguerreotypes that are \"flat\". The images change characteristics depending on the light source behind them. Window lithophane panel scenes change throughout the day depending upon the amount of sunlight. The varying lightsource is what makes lithophanes more interesting to the viewer than two-dimensional pictures. The word \"lithophane\" derives from Greek \"litho\", which is from \"lithos\" which means stone or rock, and \"phainein\" meaning \"to cause to appear\" or \"to cause to appear suddenly\". From this is derived a meaning for lithophane of \"light in stone\" or to \"appear in stone\" as the three-dimensional image appears suddenly when lit with a back light source. European lithophanes were first produced nearly at the same time in France, Germany, Prussia, and England around the later part of the 1820s. Many times historians credit Baron Paul de Bourging (1791–1864) with inventing the process \"email ombrant\" (pottery decorating) of lithophanes in 1827 in France. Robert Griffith Jones acquired Bourging's rights in 1828 and licensed out to English factories to make them. The English factories sometimes used the name \"lithophane\" for specimens of ordinary \"email ombrant.\" Some say however it was Georg Friedrich Christoph (1781–1848) of Prussia that actually perfected the true lithophane process in 1828. Others say the technique was developed in Berlin and other parts of Germany by such manufacturers as Königlichen Porzellan-Manufaktur and Porzellanmanufactur. This is why sometimes lithophanes are referred to as \"Berlin transparency.\" There is a well known mark of Ad'T' on lithophanes from Rubles, near Melun in France. It is thought to be the mark of Baron A. de Tremblay, however some scholars on the subject think he only made earthenware and not true lithophanes and the mark belongs to a yet unknown source. Many historians argue that the inspiration for the idea came originally from China nearly a thousand years before in the Tang Dynasty. According to the scholar R. L. Hobson during the Ming Dynasty the Chinese produced bowls \"as thin as paper\" with secret decorations in them. According to W. Hodgson she describes some Chinese biscuit porcelains as looking like \"little screens with landscapes in relief\" which resemble white porcelian that is obtained in Switzerland. Other potential precursors to the European lithophanes come from the Chinese Song Dynasty. Qingbal wares had their translucency with carved and molded designs of flowers, fish, and birds. Japanese lithophane tea sets are referred to as Dragonware and were popular for GI trading in Japan during World War II. In the early part of the 20th century many lithophane investigators were making connections between the European 18th and 19th century ceramics and the Chinese porcelains. In France they used the term \"Blanc de Chine\" in the 18th century to designate a highly translucent Chinese porcelain. Porcelain factories in France, Germany and England mimicked the Chinese \"Blanc de Chine\" in the 17th and 18th centuries. These same factories then started to make lithophanes in the early part of the 19th century. The technical and aesthetic inspirations for European lithophanes can be seen coming from Chinese works, however the exact relationship between the two remains elusive to this day. The missing link is a definite known lithophane plaque produced anywhere in China prior to 1800. Lithophanes were made by specialized European craftspeople beginning as an image carved in warm wax on a glass plate. This was then backlit and carved. Sometimes the carving table was near a window and had a mirror below the table to provide constant light for carving. A modeler would duplicate the image on a flat wax plate carving relief and intaglio. Where the wax was carved thinnest more would shine through. Of course where the wax was carved thickest then there was less light shone through. A plaster gypsum mold was cast from the wax. It was sometimes cast in metal for the production of multiple molds. The casts were removed from the molds and then fired to about 2300 degrees Fahrenheit. The porcelain would include around 66% kaolin, 30% feldspar and 4% soapstone. It turned out that up to about 60% of the porcelains would warp or crack in the kiln causing them to become useless. Finished lithophanes are somewhere between one sixteenth of an inch thin to almost a quarter inch (1.5 to 6mm) thick. Lithophanes were produced in Austria, Belgium, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, and Wales in the 19th century. Lithophanes by the hundreds of thousands were made in the middle of the eighteen hundreds by such firms as Wedgwood in England, Meissen in Dresden, and Belleek in Ireland. Lithophanes were produced then in the United States as well, however not nearly as much as in Europe. Popular subjects of lithophanes were religious themes, portraits, genre scenes, literature ideas such as stories from the Bible, and masterpieces. Some lithophanes even commemorated events such as the opening of the Eiffel Tower in 1889. Lithophanes were in various formats from plaques to be hung in windows to candle shields. They were also in fireplace screens, night lights, tea warmers, and match boxes. Many were pieces of bottoms of beer steins, mugs and cups. Some were souvenir ornaments of erotica images. They were even in lanterns and lamps. Rare miniature lithophanes are parts of doll house furnishings. According to Henry Barnard, Samuel Colt's first biographer, Colt ordered and had installed on his new home (\"Armsmear\") in Hartford, Connecticut dozens of lithophanes he purchased in Berlin in 1855 and 1856. Colt probably got the idea from the 1851 Great (Crystal Palace) Exhibition in London or the New York Great Exhibition of 1853 or in a Prussia visit in 1854. Scenic views and portraits were for the public and private rooms of Colt's wife. Inspirational panes were for the windows of Colt's upstairs bedroom. Lithophanes of humorous nature were put in the windows of Colt's billiard room of his new home. One of particular interest was of the Battle of Trafalgar. Others were of Stolzenfels Castle on the Rhine River and a view of Koblenz. Barnard described the lithophanes as \"a veritable art gallery.\" A photograph of Armsmear taken between 1857 and 1861 shows over one hundred lithophanes. A photograph of 1907 shows the lithophanes of Armsmear still in place. Many of Colts surviving lithophanes are currently at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art. Samuel Colt had 111 lithophanes made of his likeness from a photograph for wide distribution in 1855. In this lithophane portrait he is sitting at a small desk holding a \"Belt Pistol\" in his right hand and has a directional compass in his left hand. One of these he sent to Senator Thomas J. Rusk who responded in a letter of 3 January 1856 when he received it,

label_pt: Litofania

label_it: Litofanìa

abstract_pt: Uma litofania (francês: lithophanie) é uma obra de arte gravada ou moldada em porcelana muito fina e translúcida que só pode ser vista claramente quando iluminada por trás com uma fonte de luz.  É uma cena em intaglio que aparece \"en grisaille\" (em tons de cinza). A litofania apresenta uma imagem tridimensional, completamente diferente de gravuras bidimensionais e daguerreótipos que são \"planas\".  As imagens mudam suas características dependendo da fonte de luz por trás delas.  As cenas de um painel de janela em litofania podem mudar ao longo do dia , dependendo da quantidade de luz solar.  A fonte de luz variável é o que faz as litofanias mais interessantes para o espectador do que imagens bidimensionais. A palavra \"lithophanie\" deriva do grego \" litho\", que por sua vez, deriva de \"lithos\", que significa pedra ou rocha , e \"phainein\", que significa \"para fazer aparecer\" ou \"para fazer aparecer de repente\" .  Assim, deriva um significado para litofania de \"luz em pedra \" ou \"aparecer na pedra\", tal a imagem tridimensional aparece de repente , quando iluminada. As primeiras litofanias de origem européia foram produzidas quase ao mesmo tempo na França, Alemanha, Prússia e Inglaterra em torno do final da década de 1820.  Muitas vezes os historiadores creditam Baron Paul de Bourging (1791-1864) como inventor do processo \"email ombrant\" em 1827, na França.  O email ombrant é uma imagem gravada ou estampada em cerâmica e coberta com um esmalte transparente ou de cor translúcida. O esmalte se deposita na peça e com as diferentes profundidades do desenho acaba por dar à imagem uma aparência de sombreada ( \"ombre\" é sombra em francês, e \"email\" é esmalte). Robert Griffith Jones adquiriu os direitos de Bourging em 1828 e licenciou para fábricas inglesas produzirem.  As fábricas inglesas, por vezes, usaram o nome \"litofania\" para peças com a técnica \"email ombrant\".  Alguns dizem que no entanto foi Georg Friedrich Christoph (1781-1848) da Prússia que realmente aperfeiçoou o verdadeiro processo da litofania em 1828.  Outros dizem que a técnica foi desenvolvida em Berlim e outras partes da Alemanha por fabricantes como Königlichen Porzellan-Manufaktur e Porzellanmanufactur.  É por isso que, por vezes, litofanias foram referidas como \"Transparência de Berlim\".

label_es: Litofanía

label_de: Lithophanie


label_en: TramVallès

comment_en: TramVallès, Tramvallès or Tramvia del Vallès is a proposed tram or light rail network in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Its name stems from the region of Vallès, which spans two counties north of the Catalan capital. The region is densely populated, includes the Autonomous University of Barcelona and current public transport services are insufficient for commuters. Following expressions of citizen support, the Generalitat de Catalunya, the governing body of Catalonia, approved the project in 2010. Tramvallès would serve the following municipalities: Montcada i Reixac, Ripollet, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Badia del Vallès, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barberà del Vallès, Sabadell and Terrassa.


name_en: Wilhelmus Doll

label_en: Wilhelmus Doll

comment_en: Wilhelmus Doll (27 October 1900 – 15 May 1980) was a Dutch wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman middleweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

description_en: Wrestler


label_en: Articles needing POV-check from March 2009


label_en: Näkymätön Viänänen

abstract_en: Näkymätön Viänänen (Savonian dialect Finnish for \"The invisible Väänänen\") is a Finnish comic strip drawn by Jorma \"Jope\" Pitkänen. Pitkänen has been drawing the strip since 1973 and the strip is still active. The main character is Viänänen (a Savonian version of the common Finnish surname Väänänen), who is invisible. Only his trademark cap can be seen, but he is also often holding a bottle of beer in the process of drinking from it. The reason for Viänänen's invisibility has never been explained, and it seems to be used only for comical effect - the plot of the strip ignores Viänänen's invisibility completely. Viänänen lives in a cottage somewhere in the deep countryside of Savonia, together with his wife Lempi, their infant son, and various farm animals. The whole family, including the animals, speak Finnish in the Savonian dialect. The plot of the strip usually touches on Finnish politics - Viänänen is a right-wing supporter of agrarians' rights, and is sympathetic with the True Finns party, and his political views often clash with the decisions of the Finnish government, and the European Union. Viänänen also sometimes gets in trouble with the police, because of his habit of making moonshine on his farm, which is illegal under Finnish law.


label_en: Federal financing for small businesses in Canada (grants and loans)


name_en:
Xavier Blanchard Debray
Xavier Debray

givenName_en: Xavier

label_en: Xavier Debray

abstract_fr: Xavier Blanchard Debray, né le 25 janvier 1818 à Selestat et mort le 6 janvier 1895 à Austin, est un soldat et diplomate américain d’origine française qui a levé, pendant la guerre de Sécession, un régiment de cavalerie confédéré au Texas et été nommé général de brigade avant la fin de la guerre.

comment_en: Xavier Blanchard Debray (January 25, 1818 – January 6, 1895) was a French-born soldier and diplomat who immigrated to the United States, settling in Texas. During the American Civil War Debray raised a Confederate cavalry regiment from Bexar County and was appointed brigadier general before the war's end.

label_fr: Xavier Debray

allegiance: Confederate States of America

surname_en: Debray

description_en: Confederate Army officer


label_en: Monastery of the Transfiguration, Istanbul


name_en: Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase

label_en: Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase

comment_en: Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.60, exo-maltotetraohydrolase, 1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetraohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-alpha-D-glucan maltotetraohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends

comment_ja: グルカン-1,4-α-マルトテトラオヒドロラーゼ(Glucan 1,4-alpha-maltotetraohydrolase、EC 3.2.1.60)は、4-α-D-グルカン マルトテトラオヒドロラーゼという系統名を持つ酵素であり、以下の化学反応を触媒する。 デンプン性多糖の(1->4)-α-D-グルコシド結合を加水分解し、鎖の非還元末端から連続するマルトテトラオース単位を除去する。

label_ja: グルカン-1,4-α-マルトテトラオヒドロラーゼ


label_en: List of unidentified decedents in the United States

abstract_en: An unidentified decedent, or UID, is a deceased person whose legal identity is unable to be determined by law enforcement. Although the majority of individuals are identified soon after their bodies are recovered, it is not uncommon for bodies to remain unidentified for years or even decades. There are approximately 40,000 unidentified decedents in the United States at any given time. A deceased body can be identified in several different ways. Most commonly, a relative of the deceased identifies the body by sight. However, if a body is decomposed, skeletal, or unrecognizable due to severe facial trauma at the time of recovery, other methods must be used. Some common modes of identification include fingerprint comparison, dental records, chest x-rays and comparing the deceased's DNA to the DNA sequence of relatives such as a parent or sibling. Since identification of a deceased individual is a legal matter, officials require a high degree of certainty in order to make a formal identification.


abstract_pl: Franciszek Armiński (ur. 2 października 1789 w Tymbarku, zm. 14 stycznia 1848 w Warszawie) – polski astronom, wolnomularz.

name_en: Franciszek Armiński

givenName_en: Franciszek

comment_nl: Franciszek Armiński (Tymbark, 2 oktober 1789 - Warschau 14 januari 1848) was een Pools astronoom. Hij was een professor aan de Universiteit van Warschau en stelde voor om een observatorium te bouwen in het Lazienki park. Bij de opening in 1824 werd hij er directeur.

label_en: Franciszek Armiński

abstract_fr: Franciszek Armiński [frant͡ɕiʃɛk ar'miɲski] (né le 2 octobre 1789 à Tymbark et décédé le 14 janvier 1848 à Varsovie) était un astronome polonais. Il a enseigné à l'université de Varsovie et a été directeur de l'observatoire astronomique du parc Łazienki. Un cratère lunaire porte aujourd'hui son nom. \n* Portail de l’astronomie Portail de l’astronomie   \n* Portail de la Pologne Portail de la Pologne

label_ru: Арминский, Францишек

comment_en: Franciszek Armiński (b. October 2, 1789 in Tymbark – January 14, 1848 in Warsaw) was a Polish astronomer. He was professor at the Warsaw University and director of the astronomical observatory in Łazienki Park, Warsaw.

label_fr: Franciszek Armiński

label_pl: Franciszek Armiński

comment_ru: Францишек Арминский (Franciszek Armiński; 2 октября 1789, Тымбарк — 14 января 1848, Варшава) — польский астроном. Учился в Кракове и в Инженерном варшавском училище, с 1812 года в Париже у Араго и Даламбера. Он соорудил астрономическую обсерваторию на Иль-де-Франс, а потом 1829 году в Варшаве, где был профессором университета и директором обсерватории. Решением Международного астрономического союза в 1976 году в честь Арминского был назван кратер на Луне.

surname_en: Armiński

description_en: Polish astronomer

label_nl: Franciszek Armiński


name_en: Crossing of the Somme

causalties: 280 killed or wounded

label_en: Crossing of the Somme

comment_en: The Crossing of the Somme took place on 5 August 1636 during the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War when units of the Spanish Army of Flanders, the Imperial Army and the Duchy of Lorraine under Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, lieutenant of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, crossed the Somme river near Bray-sur-Somme during its offensive in French territory. Despite the fierce resistance of the French army led by Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons, the allied troops successfully crossed the river and drove off the French troops along the Oise river, proceeding over the following weeks to invest the important fortress of Corbie, located two leagues of Amiens, which caused a spread of panic among the population of Paris.

result: Imperial-Spanish-Lorrainer victory

combatant: 20pxKingdom of France


abstract_en: The Department of Education, University of Kerala is located at Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The Department of Education was started in 1956 and with the launch of Ph.D. programme it became one of the earliest University Departments in India to do so. The department has been recognized by the UGC for its high standards of teaching and research and has been identified for the DSA scheme (1986), as national Centre for Curriculum Development in Education (1986) and for instituting ASARCO fellowship (1988). The department has a library with 20,000 volumes with 1,300 theses making it a reference center for students from all over the country. It has a Test Material Center which is being built up and when completed may be the only one in South India. The department provides extension and consultancy services mainly in curriculum development and evaluations within the state and outside. It has a very strong Ph.D. programme and a video laboratory. It has conducted over 25 state and national seminars and completed six research projects.


abstract_ar: فاسكو دا غاما برج (برتغالية: Torre Vasco da Gama, تلفظ برتغالي: /ˈtoʁ(ɨ) ˈvaʃku dɐ ˈɡɐmɐ/) هو برج و ناطحة سحاب في لشبونة، البرتغال، بنيت على نهر نهر تاجة . سمي البرج بالمستكشف البرتغالي فاسكو دا غاما الذي يعتبر أول أوروبي يصل إلى الهند عن طريق البحر في 1498. بني البرج في عام 1998 في وافتتح في المعرض العالمي اكسبو 98 يبلغ ارتفاع البرج 120 مترا البرج يشبه سطح السفينة مثل برج العرب بدبي ويوجد ببرج مطاعم بانورامية فاخرة.

abstract_it: La Torre Vasco da Gama è una torre di acciaio alta 145 metri, che si trova a Lisbona  nel Parco delle Nazioni. La torre, intitolata al famoso esploratore portoghese Vasco da Gama, rappresenta la vela di una caravella e venne realizzata in occasione dell'Expo '98 su progetto dall'architetto Regino Cruz. In cima alla torre si trova un ristorante con vista panoramica sul fiume Tago e sulla città di Lisbona, che venne chiuso insieme al punto di osservazione della torre nell'ottobre 2004. È una delle torri scalate da Alain Robert.

abstract_es: La torre Vasco da Gama es una torre de estructura de acero junto a un rascacielos, de 145 metros de altura, construidos en el Parque das Nações, en Lisboa, para la Expo '98. Fue proyectada por el arquitecto Regino Cruz. La construcción en lo alto de la torre era un restaurante con vistas panorámicas sobre el río Tajo y la ciudad de Lisboa, proyectado por el arquitecto Nuno Leónidas. Cerrada desde 2004.

abstract_pl: Wieża Vasco da Gama (port. Torre Vasco da Gama) - wieża o wysokości 145 m w Lizbonie, zlokalizowana nad rzeką Tag. Nazwa wieży pochodzi od portugalskiego odkrywcy Vasco da Gamy. Projektantami wieży są Leonor Janeiro, Nick Jacob oraz biuro architektoniczne Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Stalowa konstrukcja wieży zaprojektowana na wzór płynącej karaweli została zbudowana przez firmę Martifer, specjalizującą się w konstrukcjach metalowych. Wieża została zbudowana w 1998 roku z okazji odbywających się targów Expo '98. Na wysokości 120 m znajdowała się platforma widokowa, a tuż pod nią – luksusowa restauracja. U podstawy wieży znajduje się 3-kondygnacyjny budynek, gdzie podczas targów Expo znajdował się pawilon Unii Europejskiej. Po zakończeniu się targów Expo budynek został przeznaczony pod wynajem jako powierzchnia biurowa, jednak nigdy nie znalazł dzierżawcy. W 2001 roku platforma oraz restauracja zostały zamknięte. Według projektu architekta Nuno Leónidasa, na terenie sztucznie wysuniętym poza pierwotną linię brzegową rzeki Tag wzniesiono 21-kondygnacyjny luksusowy hotel, tworzący z wieżą jedną budowlę. W 2006 roku Alain Robert wspiął się na szczyt wieży.

label_zh: 达·伽马塔

name_en: Vasco da Gama Tower

label_en: Vasco da Gama Tower

abstract_fr: La tour Vasco de Gama (portugais : Torre Vasco da Gama) est une tour de 145 mètres de haut, située à Lisbonne le long du Tage. Elle est constituée d’une nacelle panoramique soutenue par une structure à treillis. Son nom fait référence à l’explorateur Vasco de Gama qui fut le premier européen à trouver la voie maritime vers les Indes en 1498. La tour fut dessinée et construite par Leonor Janeiro, Nick Jacobs et l’agence SOM (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill). La structure métallique, représentant la voile d’une caravelle, fut assemblée par la société d’ingénierie Martifer. La tour a été construite en 1998 pour l’Exposition internationale de 1998. Une plate-forme d’observation est située à 120 mètres de haut, sous laquelle se trouve une salle de restaurant panoramique. Au pied de la tour se trouvait un bâtiment de trois étage hébergeant le pavillon de l’Union européenne pendant l’exposition. La plate-forme d’observation ainsi que le restaurent fermèrent en octobre 2004. Quand elle était encore accessible, la tour était le plus haut bâtiment portugais ouvert au public (à l’exception des ponts). Le bâtiment au pied de la structure fut mis en location après l’exposition mais ne trouva jamais aucun preneur. Cet espace fut cependant utilisé pour des événements exceptionnels comme la présentation de la nouvelle Mini en 2001. Alain Robert, le célèbre grimpeur urbain en solitaire, escalada la tour en 2006. Il était sponsorisé par Optimus, une compagnie de téléphonie mobile portugaise, qui utilisa cette escalade dans une campagne de promotion d’un de ses nouveaux produits.

label_fr: Tour Vasco de Gama

comment_de: Der Vasco-da-Gama-Turm ist ein 145 Meter hoher Aussichtsturm in Stahlfachwerkbauweise in Lissabon, Portugal mit angeschlossenem Hotelbau. Es ist das höchste Gebäude Portugals (Stand 2013).

comment_zh: 达·伽马塔（葡萄牙語：Torre Vasco da Gama, 發音：[ˈtoʁ(ɨ) ˈvaʃku dɐ ˈɡɐmɐ]）是葡萄牙里斯本的一座高145米的塔和一座摩天大楼，位于塔霍河畔的万国公园。它得名于第一个航海到达印度葡萄牙探险家达·伽马。 该塔为1998年世界博览会而建，在120米，有一个观景台，其下方是豪华全景餐厅。观景台和餐厅于2004年10月关闭。当它们开放时，该塔是葡萄牙向公众开放的最高的建筑物（不含桥梁）。

label_pl: Wieża Vasco da Gama

abstract_en: The Vasco da Gama Tower (Portuguese: Torre Vasco da Gama, pronounced: [ˈtoʁ(ɨ) ˈvaʃku dɐ ˈɡɐmɐ]) is a 145-metre (476 ft) lattice tower with skyscraper in Lisbon, Portugal, built over the Tagus river. It is named after the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, the first European to arrive in India by sail, in 1498. The architects of the tower were Leonor Janeiro, Nick Jacobs and SOM (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill). The steel structure, representing the sail of a caravel, was assembled by engineering company Martifer. The tower was built in 1998 for the Expo 98 World's Fair. At the 120-metre (390 ft) stage, there was an observation deck and, just below it, a luxury panoramic restaurant. At the base of the tower was a three-story building that served as the European Union Pavilion during the Expo. Both the observation deck and the restaurant were closed in October 2004. While they were open, the tower was the tallest structure in Portugal open to the public (excluding bridges). The base building was to be leased for office space after the closing of the Expo, but never found tenants. Instead, it was used for one-off events, like the world premiere of the new Mini car in 2001. In 2006 the tower was climbed by Alain Robert, a solo urban climber. He was sponsored by Optimus Telecomunicações, a Portuguese mobile phone company, that used the climb as part of a marketing campaign for a recently released product. Parque Expo received permission for a plan by Portuguese architect Nuno Leónidas to expand on the riverside, for a luxury hotel with 178 rooms in 20 floors. The base building was demolished from July to September 2007, and construction of the hotel started in October 2007. The hotel is called \"Myriad by Sana Hotels\", managed by Portuguese company Sana Hotels. The observation deck and the panoramic restaurant are still accessible through the three current panoramic elevators.

label_pt: Torre Vasco da Gama

label_ar: برج فاسكو دا غاما

label_nl: Torre Vasco da Gama

comment_pl: Wieża Vasco da Gama (port. Torre Vasco da Gama) - wieża o wysokości 145 m w Lizbonie, zlokalizowana nad rzeką Tag. Nazwa wieży pochodzi od portugalskiego odkrywcy Vasco da Gamy. Projektantami wieży są Leonor Janeiro, Nick Jacob oraz biuro architektoniczne Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Stalowa konstrukcja wieży zaprojektowana na wzór płynącej karaweli została zbudowana przez firmę Martifer, specjalizującą się w konstrukcjach metalowych. W 2006 roku Alain Robert wspiął się na szczyt wieży.

label_it: Torre Vasco da Gama

abstract_pt: A torre Vasco da Gama é uma torre em estrutura mista de 140 m de altura no topo, construída junto ao rio Tejo, no Parque das Nações, em Lisboa, para a EXPO 98, a exposição mundial de 1998. Foi projetada pela SOM e Profabril (Arquitectura Nick Jacobs e Leonor Janeiro, Estruturas Nuno Costa), e construída pela Somague (Direcção de obra - Luís Ferreira). A construção no alto da torre durante a exposição era um restaurante de luxo com vista panorâmica sobre o rio Tejo inicialmente congestionado a José Manuel Trigo do T Clube. O restaurante permaneceu aberto durante cerca de três anos após a exposição. É o mais alto edifício arranha-céus de Portugal. Desde Novembro de 2012, a Torre funciona como um hotel de luxo da cadeia Sana, tendo-se adicionado ao conjunto inicial um edifício cuja construção se iniciou em Agosto de 2009.

label_es: Torre Vasco da Gama

abstract_nl: De Torre Vasco da Gama (nl: Vasco da Gama-toren) is een toren in de nieuwe wijk in het oosten van Lissabon, die ter gelegenheid van de Expo 98 werd gebouwd. Hij is genoemd naar de Portugese ontdekkingsreiziger Vasco da Gama. Het gebied ligt aan de Taag en dient vooral als vrijetijdsgebied, zakencentrum en woongebied. Het wordt ook hét nieuwe stadsdeel van Lissabon genoemd (de Portugezen noemen het Oriente of Expo) en het ligt deels in de gemeente Loures. De toren, 145 m hoog, werd oorspronkelijk gebouwd in de vorm van een karveel en bood de mogelijkheid om via het platform (voorzien van een restaurant) de omgeving te overzien. Aan de basis betrok de Europese Unie een gebouw van drie verdiepingen tijdens de Expo 98. Anno 2013 is de toren verbouwd tot hotel.

label_de: Vasco-da-Gama-Turm


name_en: W. S. Gwynn Williams

givenName_en: W.

label_en: W. S. Gwynn Williams

comment_en: William Stanley Gwynn Williams (April 4, 1896 – 13 November 1978) was a musician and composer, also lecturer, author, editor and broadcaster on the history of British and in particular Welsh music. He was prominent in the foundation of the International Eisteddfod at Llangollen, Wales in 1947 and become its first musical director. He was married to Elizabeth Eleanor, and he died in 1978.

abstract_en: William Stanley Gwynn Williams (April 4, 1896 – 13 November 1978) was a musician and composer, also lecturer, author, editor and broadcaster on the history of British and in particular Welsh music. He was prominent in the foundation of the International Eisteddfod at Llangollen, Wales in 1947 and become its first musical director. W. S. Gwynn Williams was born at Plas Hafod, Llangollen, the son of the musician W. Pencerdd Williams. He started playing the piano and violin when he was very young and began composing in his teens. When he was 17 he became an Associate of the Tonic Sol-Fa College of Music in London. From 1922 to 1929 he edited the periodical Y Cerddor Newydd (The New Musician); from 1923 he was Director of Music for the Gorsedd of Bards of the National Eisteddfod; from 1933-1957 he was secretary of the Welsh Folk Song Society and become the Society's chairman in 1957. He was editor of the Society's Journal for thirty years from 1946. In 1937 he founded the Gwynn Publishing Company with the aim to increase the repertoire of traditionally inspired vocal and choral music. He was married to Elizabeth Eleanor, and he died in 1978. Among the many collections of folk-songs and music published by Gwynn Williams are: Old Welsh Folk-songs (1927); Caneuon Traddodiadol y Cymry (Vol 1: 1961, Vol 2: 1963); Welsh National Music and Dance (four editions: 1932 to 1971) and Harp Tunes of Wales (1962). His compositions include: Tosturi Duw (God's Mercy) (1943), My Little Welsh Home, Breuddwyd Glyndwr (Glendower's Dream) (1950), Dawns y Medelwyr (Harvester's Dance) (1940) and Welsh Playbook (1925).

surname_en: Williams

description_en: Welsh composer


label_en: Zenair CH 150

comment_en: The Zenith CH 150 Acro Zenith is a Canadian single-engine, low wing, all-aluminum aircraft designed by Chris Heintz and produced by Zenair in kit form for amateur construction. The aircraft is intended for aerobatic use and was introduced at the Experimental Aircraft Association convention in 1980. The CH 150 is one of only six amateur-built aircraft types specifically approved by Transport Canada for aerobatics, without other restrictions.


label_en: Philippine Green Republican Party

comment_en: The Philippine Green Republican Party, commonly known as PGRP, is a political party in the Philippines.


label_en: Line (electrical engineering)

comment_en: In electrical engineering, a line is, more generally, any circuit (or loop) of an electrical system. This electric circuit loop (or electrical network), consists of electrical elements (or components) connected directly by conductor terminals to other devices in series. da:elektrisk kabelde:Elektrische Leitungde:AUX-Eingangnl:Elektriciteitsleidingnn:elektrisk ledningsv:elektrisk ledning


label_zh: 萬千景象

name_en: Vision d'Etat

label_en: Vision d'Etat

comment_en: Vision d'Etat (foaled April 20, 2005 in Maine-et-Loire) is a French Thoroughbred racehorse.

comment_ja: ヴィジョンデタ (Vision d'Etat) とはフランスで生産された競走馬である。2006年アルカナセールにて3万9000ユーロで落札されている。なお馬名の原発音は日本語のカタカナ表記に当て嵌めた場合、ヴィジオンデタに近い。

comment_zh: 萬千景象'（Vision d'État、2005年4月20日出生）是一匹在法國出生以及訓練的競賽馬匹，主要勝出賽事為法國打吡、根利錦標、威爾斯親王錦標及香港盃。

sex: Stallion

label_ja: ヴィジョンデタ


abstract_pl: Lademoen – kolejowy przystanek osobowy w Nedre Elvehavn, w regionie Sør-Trøndelag w Norwegii, jest oddalony od Trondheim o 0,94 km. Leży 6 m n.p.m.

name_en: Lademoen/Nedre Elvehavn

comment_nl: Station Lademoen (Noors: Lademoen/Nedre Elvehavn holdeplass) is een halte in de Noorse stad Trondheim. De halte ligt ten oosten van Trondheim-S aan Meråkerbanen. Lademoen wordt bediend door de stoptreinen van lijn 26, die rijden tussen Røros/Lerkendal en Steinkjer/Rotvoll.

label_en: Lademoen Station

abstract_fr: La gare de Lademoen (également appelée Lademoen / Nedre Elvehavn) est une halte ferroviaire de la ligne du Nordland, située sur la commune de Trondheim.

label_fr: Gare de Lademoen

label_pl: Lademoen (przystanek kolejowy)

address_en: Nedre Elvehavn, Trondheim

abstract_en: Lademoen or Lademoen/Nedre Elvehavn is a railway station on the Nordland Line at Nedre Elvehavn in Trondheim, Norway. The station was opened on 7 January 2007 and is served by the local trains Trøndelag Commuter Rail by Norwegian State Railways (NSB). It is located 0.94 km from Trondheim Central Station and at 6 meters above sea level. The station serves the areas of Nedre Elvehavn and Nyhavna. This includes dense residential areas and large workplaces including DnB NOR, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte and Teekay Petrojarl in addition to Solsiden shopping mall and the Trondheim Academy of Fine Art, part of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

label_nl: Station Lademoen


label_en: Tana Ramsey (Cayetana Elizabeth Hutcheson)


label_en: 1975 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team


abstract_es: Friedrich Heinrich Emanuel Kayser ( 26 de marzo de 1845 - 29 de noviembre de 1927) fue un naturalista, micólogo, geólogo y paleontólogo alemán, nacido en Königsberg. Se educó en Berlín, donde tuvo su grado de PhD en 1870. En 1882 se convirtió en profesor de geología en la Universidad de Marburgo. Kayser dedicó un especial interés en el estudio de fósiles de disntintas épocas y de todas partes del mundo, pero principalmente, las formaciones del Paleozoico, incluidos los de Sudáfrica y de regiones polares, así como del período Devónico en Alemania, Bohemia y otras partes de Europa.

name_en: Emanuel Kayser

givenName_en: Emanuel

label_en: Emanuel Kayser

comment_de: Emanuel Kayser (* 26. März 1845 in  Königsberg i. Pr.; † 29. November 1927 in München) war ein deutscher Geologe und Hochschullehrer. Er gründete mit Wilhelm Dames die Paläontologischen Abhandlungen und war der erste Vorsitzende der von ihm 1910 mitbegründeten Geologischen Vereinigung.

abstract_en: Friedrich Heinrich Emanuel Kayser (March 26, 1845 - November 29, 1927) was a German geologist and palaeontologist, born in Königsberg. He was educated at the universities of Halle, Heidelberg and Berlin, where in 1871 he qualified as a lecturer in geology. From 1873 he worked as a state geologist for the Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt (Prussian Geological Survey), and in 1881 became a professor at the Berlin Mining Academy. In 1885 he succeeded Wilhelm Dunker as professor of geology and paleontology at the University of Marburg. He is known for his work involving the stratigraphy, tectonics and paleontology of Paleozoic formations in Germany; especially the Harz and the Rhenish Massif. With Wilhelm Dames, he was co-editor of the journal Paläontologischen Abhandlungen. Among his separate works are Lehrbuch der Geologie (2 vols.): ii. Geologische Formationskunde (1891; 2nd ed., 1902), and i. Allgemeine Geologie (1893); vol. ii. (the volume first issued) was translated and edited by Philip Lake, under the title Textbook of Comparative Geology (1893). Another work is Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fauna der Siegenschen Grauwacke (1892).

surname_en: Kayser

description_en: German scientist

label_es: Emanuel Kayser

label_de: Emanuel Kayser


label_en: Dance in Georgia (country)

prefLabel_en: Dance in Georgia (country)


abstract_pl: Chame – gaun wikas samiti w zachodniej części Nepalu w strefie Gandaki w dystrykcie Manang. Według nepalskiego spisu powszechnego z 2001 roku liczył on 278 gospodarstw domowych i 1204 mieszkańców (492 kobiet i 712 mężczyzn).

name_en: Chame चाँमे

comment_nl: Chame is een dorpscommissie (Engels: village development committee, afgekort VDC; Nepalees: panchayat) in het noorden van Nepal, en tevens de hoofdplaats van het district Manang. De plaats telde bij de volkstelling in 2001 1204 inwoners, in 2011 nog 1129 inwoners, verspreid over 279 huishoudens.

label_en: Chame, Nepal

abstract_fr: Chame (en népalais : चामे) est une ville du Népal située dans la zone de Gandaki et chef-lieu du district de Manang. Au recensement de 2011, la ville comptait 1 129 habitants.

label_ru: Чаме (Непал)

comment_en: Chame (Nepali: चाँमे) is the headquarters of Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 1204 people living in 278 individual households. Manang District is the lowest populated district in Nepal.

label_fr: Chame (Népal)

comment_de: Chame (Nepali: चाँमे) ist ein Dorf und ein Village Development Committee in der Annapurnaregion in Nepal. Chame ist Sitz der Distriktverwaltung von Manang.Der Ort liegt am Marsyangdi im Manang-Tal und ist ein Etappenort der Trekkingroute Annapurna Circuit. Der Ort liegt an der Nordflanke des im Osten des Annapurna-Massivs gelegenen Bergs Lamjung Himal.

label_pl: Chame

comment_ru: Чаме (непальск. चाँमे) — горная деревня и община в Непале. Чаме является административным центром района Мананг. По данным Центрального Бюро Статистики правительства Непала на 2001 год население Чаме составляло 1204 человека, проживавших в 278 частных домах.

label_pt: Chame

comment_pt: Chame é uma cidade do Nepal.

label_nl: Chame (Nepal)

abstract_pt: Chame é uma cidade do Nepal.

label_de: Chame (Manang)


name_en: Flora, Fauna and Merryweather

label_en: Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather

comment_en: Flora, Fauna and Merryweather are the protagonists of Walt Disney's 1959 film Sleeping Beauty. They are characterized as Princess Aurora's fairy godmothers, who appear at baby Aurora's christening to present their gifts to her, as well as her guardians and/or parents. The three were voiced by the three late Verna Felton, Barbara Jo Allen, and Barbara Luddy, respectively.

firstAppearance: Sleeping Beauty (1959)


label_en: People from Tioga County, Pennsylvania

prefLabel_en: People from Tioga County, Pennsylvania


label_en: Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics - Men's artistic team all-around


name_en: Widmoor

label_en: Widmoor

comment_en: Widmoor is a hamlet in the parishes of Hedsor and Wooburn and Bourne End, in Buckinghamshire, England.


abstract_ar: مسح اقتراع الناخبين هو مسح يُجرَى على الناخبين فور خروجهم من مكاتب الاقتراع. وعلى عكس استطلاع الآراء، الذي يستبين من خلاله لمَن ينوي الناخب منح صوته، أو ما شابه ذلك، يستفسر مسح اقتراع الناخبين من الناخب عمن منحه صوته بالفعل. وثمة مسح مشابه يُجرَى قبل إدلاء الناخبين الفعليين بأصواتهم، ويُعرَف باسم مسح ما قبل اقتراع الناخبين. يجري منظمو الاقتراعات - ويكونون عادةً من الشركات الخاصة التي تعمل لصالح الصحف أو الإذاعات - عمليات مسح اقتراع الناخبين من أجل الحصول على مؤشر مبكر لنتيجة الانتخابات؛ إذ إن حساب النتيجة الفعلية للكثير من العمليات الانتخابية يمكن أن يستغرق ساعات أو أيامًا. ويُنسب الفضل في ابتكار مسح اقتراع الناخبين إلى وارين ميتوفسكي، مؤسس شركة \"ميتوفسكي إنترناشيونال\".

abstract_it: Un exit poll (dall'inglese, letteralmente «sondaggio all'uscita del Seggio elettorale») è un sondaggio effettuato, durante un'elezione, tra gli elettori, dopo l'espressione del voto da parte di questi presso un seggio elettorale.

abstract_es: Un sondeo a boca de urna (también conocido como encuesta a pie de urna o encuesta israelita) es una encuesta realizada a los votantes inmediatamente después de haber salido de las urnas. A diferencia del sondeo de opinión que pregunta por quién votaría el elector o alguna formulación similar, un sondeo a boca de urna pregunta por quién en realidad votó el elector. Los encuestadores, usualmente compañías especializadas contratadas por periódicos o diversos medios de comunicación, llevan a cabo encuestas a boca de urna para obtener una indicación temprana de cómo resultó una elección, dado que en muchas elecciones el resultado real puede tomar horas o incluso días para que se termine el conteo de votos.

abstract_pl: Exit poll (ang., /ˈeksɪt ˌpəʊl/ lub /ˈegzɪt ˌpəʊl/) – sondaż przeprowadzany przez agencję badawczą w dniu wyborów, w którym wyborcy wychodzący z lokali wyborczych odpowiadają na pytanie, na kogo głosowali. Na podstawie exit polls podaje się pierwsze, przybliżone wyniki wyborów zaraz po zamknięciu lokali wyborczych, na kilka lub kilkanaście godzin przed oficjalnymi wynikami podawanymi przez komisje wyborcze. Sondaże takie są zazwyczaj przeprowadzane przez prywatne firmy medialne, jak gazety i telewizje. W sondażach tych występuje naturalny margines błędu, nierzadko duży (przeważnie 2%), czego przykładem były wyniki wyborów prezydenckich na Ukrainie w 2004 – jeden z sondaży wskazał zwycięstwo Juszczenki nad Janukowyczem stosunkiem 58:39, gdy drugi, 49:46. Sondaże takie są niekiedy krytykowane ze względu na to, że w krajach, w których nie obowiązuje cisza wyborcza, opublikowanie wyników przed zakończeniem głosowania może wpływać na preferencje pozostałych wyborców. Nie mają one jednak wpływu tam, gdzie podanie wyników możliwe jest dopiero po zakończeniu głosowania we wszystkich punktach wyborczych (w Wielkiej Brytanii przedwczesne ujawnienie szacunków jest przestępstwem), aczkolwiek mogą się zdarzać wycieki informacji – przykładem były przecieki w Internecie wskazujące zwycięstwo Johna Kerry’ego w wyborach prezydenckich w USA w 2004. W czasie wyborów parlamentarnych w Polsce 25 września 2005 oraz późniejszych prezydenckich na zlecenie stacji TVN i TVP tego typu sondaż przeprowadziły GfK Polonia, OBOP i PBS. W czasie wyborów prezydenckich w Polsce 20 czerwca 2010 (I tura) sondaż exit poll na zlecenie TVP przeprowadził TNS OBOP.

label_zh: 票站調查

label_en: Exit poll

abstract_fr: Un sondage sortie des urnes est un sondage d'opinion dont les répondants sont des votants à peine sortis des bureaux de vote et dont l'objet principal est précisément le vote qu'ils viennent d'effectuer dans le secret des isoloirs. Ce type de sondage permet d'évaluer avant la proclamation des résultats la performance des différents candidats dans le cas d'une élection, des différentes propositions dans le cas d'un référendum. Marcel van Dam, sociologue hollandais et ancien politique est le premier à avoir inventé ce type de sondages. Il l'a utilisé pour la première fois lors des élections législatives aux Pays-Bas, le 15 février 1967[réf. souhaitée].

label_ru: Экзитпол

comment_ja: 出口調査（でぐちちょうさ）とは、選挙結果を予測するため、投票所の出口で、投票した人に直接投票行動を尋ねて調べること。また、それに基づいて実際の得票数を推定すること。有権者の関心が集まる選挙の際に、テレビ局、新聞社などによって行われる。開票が進んでいない段階での候補者の当選の見込み（当選確実、当確）を推定するための主要な材料のひとつであるとともに、投票行動を定量的に分析するためにも用いられる。

label_fr: Sondage à la sortie des urnes

comment_de: Die Wahltagsbefragung, genauer auch Nachwahlbefragung (auch exit poll nach dem englischsprachigen Fachausdruck) ist ein Instrument der Wahlforschung. Am Tag der Wahl werden Wähler beim Verlassen des Wahllokals durch Interviewer nach ihrer Stimmabgabe befragt. Neben der aktuellen Wahlentscheidung werden auch soziodemografische Daten und die Wahlentscheidung der letzten Wahl – Recall-Frage – erhoben. Die Daten werden für Hochrechnungen in der Wahlberichterstattung und zur Nachwahlanalyse, inklusive der Wählerstromanalyse, verwendet.

comment_zh: 票站調查(英文:Exit Poll)，又常被稱做「出口民調」，是指在選舉進行期間，設於票站出口，訪問剛投票的人的投票意向的民意調查。其主要目的是為了分析及解讀選民的投票行為，並即時知道選舉形勢。所以，很多國家和地區的學者也會與學術組織合作進行票站調查，並分析有關數據。一般而言，票站調查的結果要在選舉結束後才可公佈，以免影響選民投票意向。而票站調查的結果亦可作為在官方點票結果公佈前對選舉結果的估計。不過票站調查也可以用作配票工具而被杯葛。

label_pl: Exit poll

abstract_en: An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations. Unlike an opinion poll, which asks for whom the voter plans to vote, or some similar formulation, an exit poll asks for whom the voter actually voted. A similar poll conducted before actual voters have voted is called an entrance poll. Pollsters – usually private companies working for newspapers or broadcasters – conduct exit polls to gain an early indication as to how an election has turned out, as in many elections the actual result may take hours or even days to count. There are different views on who invented the exit poll. Marcel van Dam, Dutch sociologist and former politician, claims to be the inventor, by being the first to implement one during the Dutch legislative elections on February 15, 1967. Other sources say Warren Mitofsky, an American pollster, was the first. For CBS News, he devised an exit poll in the Kentucky gubernatorial election in November that same year. Notwithstanding this, the mention of the first exit polls date back to the 1940's when such a poll was held in Denver, Colorado.

label_pt: Sondagem à boca das urnas

abstract_ru: Экзитпо́л (англ. Exit poll, букв. опрос на выходе; неправильно «эксит-пул», иногда «экзит-полл», «эксит-полл») — используемая в мировой социологической практике процедура опроса граждан, производимого социологическими службами на выходе из избирательных участков после голосования. Правописание «экзитпол» подтверждает «Русский орфографический словарь Российской академии наук». Основными задачами экзитпола являются получение возможности оперативных прогнозов исхода выборов и накопление статистических данных об электорате. Выходящих из избирательных участков опрашивают (на условиях анонимности), за кого они проголосовали. Исходя из предположения, что у большинства избирателей нет причин говорить неправду, данные таких опросов используют для проверки (корреляции) с официально публикуемыми данными голосования. В день выборов данные эксит-поллов широко освещаются ТВ и прессой при репортажах о порядке и процедуре голосования. Получение всемирной информации по итогам опросов разных слоев населения в разных странах, а также предварительное голосование, возможны с использованием интернет-технологии World Exit Poll. При помощи этой онлайн-технологии многие люди, не выходя из дома, анонимно могут голосовать и создавать рейтинг для любой политической или социальной деятельности. Экзитпол выполняет информационную (предварительное ознакомление общественности с результатами выборов) и контрольную (минимизация возможности намеренного искажения результатов выборов) функции. Впервые этот метод появился в США. Журналист Уоррен Митофски придумал опросы избирателей на выходе во время выборов губернатора Кентукки в 1967 году.

label_ar: مسح اقتراع الناخبين

label_nl: Exitpoll

comment_pl: Exit poll (ang., /ˈeksɪt ˌpəʊl/ lub /ˈegzɪt ˌpəʊl/) – sondaż przeprowadzany przez agencję badawczą w dniu wyborów, w którym wyborcy wychodzący z lokali wyborczych odpowiadają na pytanie, na kogo głosowali. W czasie wyborów parlamentarnych w Polsce 25 września 2005 oraz późniejszych prezydenckich na zlecenie stacji TVN i TVP tego typu sondaż przeprowadziły GfK Polonia, OBOP i PBS. W czasie wyborów prezydenckich w Polsce 20 czerwca 2010 (I tura) sondaż exit poll na zlecenie TVP przeprowadził TNS OBOP.

label_it: Exit poll

abstract_pt: Sondagem à boca das urnas (português europeu) ou pesquisa de boca de urna (português brasileiro) é uma sondagem realizada junto dos eleitores imediatamente depois de terem participado num ato eleitoral. São realizadas por empresas especializadas geralmente contratadas pelos meios de comunicação social para obter projeções dos resultados de uma eleição imediatamente após o fecho das urnas. Para manter o sigilo da resposta dos inquiridos e aumentar a fiabilidade dos resultados, a sondagem pode ser feita com colocação de voto em urna. Dado o grau de precisão que se pode aferir de uma pesquisa desse tipo, quando é independente ela pode ser utilizada como averiguação da confiabilidade das urnas, em particular nos sistemas eletrônicos.

label_es: Sondeo a boca de urna

abstract_nl: Een exitpoll of stembuspeiling is een peiling van het stemgedrag van de kiezers tijdens de dag van de verkiezingen zelf. Mensen die hebben gestemd wordt bij de uitgang van het stembureau gevraagd voor wie ze hebben gestemd. In dat opzicht verschilt een exitpoll van een gewone opiniepeiling, waarbij gevraagd wordt op welke partij men denkt te gaan stemmen. Exitpolls (ook wel schaduwverkiezingen genoemd) worden regelmatig uitgevoerd omdat ze doorgaans snel en behoorlijk nauwkeurig een voorspelling kunnen geven van de uiteindelijke uitslag van de verkiezingen. Exitpolls hebben bovendien het grote voordeel dat kiezers rechtstreeks bevraagd kunnen worden naar hun stemgedrag en achtergrond, in tegenstelling tot het stemmen zelf, dat in anonimiteit plaatsvindt. Op die manier kan men sociaal-economische en demografische gegevens in relatie brengen met het stemgedrag, kan men inschatten hoeveel kiezers zijn overgelopen van de ene naar de andere partij. Exitpolls zijn dus onderzoeksmatig een interessant middel om het profiel en het stemgedrag van de kiezers te duiden. Exitpolls worden ook regelmatig ingeschakeld als een controlemechanisme voor het verloop van politieke verkiezingen. In het geval dat de verkiezingsuitslag erg afwijkt dan die van een exitpoll zou dit een indicatie van verkiezingsfraude kunnen zijn. Anderzijds kunnen exitpolls een invloed hebben op het verloop van de verkiezingen indien de uitslag van de exitpolls (te) snel wordt bekendgemaakt. Om die reden is in sommige landen het bekendmaken van de resultaten van exitpolls voor de sluiting van alle stembureaus verboden. Op de vraag wie de exitpoll heeft uitgevonden bestaan verschillende visies. De Nederlandse socioloog, politicus en programmamaker Marcel van Dam liet bij de Tweede Kamerverkiezingen van februari 1967 kiezers die hun stem hadden uitgebracht een formulier invullen met diverse vragen over hun stemgedrag en achtergrond en claimt daarbij zelf de exitpoll te hebben uitgevonden. Warren Mitofsky, een Amerikaanse opiniepeiler, organiseerde een dergelijke peiling voor CBS News bij de gouverneursverkiezingen in de Amerikaanse staat Kentucky in november datzelfde jaar en wordt daarmee door diverse bronnen ook als de grondlegger gezien. Er wordt echter ook aangevoerd dat de eerste stembuspeiling al in de jaren 40 plaatsvond in Denver.

label_de: Wahltagsbefragung

label_ja: 出口調査


name_en:
Randeep Singh
Randeep Singh Nabha

label_en: Randeep Singh Nabha

birthName_en: Randeep Singh Nabha

comment_en: Randeep Singh Nabha also known as Kaka Randeep Singh Nabha is an Indian politician and a leader of Indian National Congress. He is a MLA in Punjab Vidhan Sabha and represents Amloh 2012-2017.


abstract_es: Barbus mariae es una especie de peces de la familia de los Cyprinidae en el orden de los Cypriniformes.

label_zh: 瑪麗亞魮

comment_nl: Barbus mariae is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van eigenlijke karpers (Cyprinidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1929 door Holly. De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als Onzeker, beoordelingsjaar 2006.

conservationStatus: DD

label_en: Rhinofish

comment_en: The rhinofish (Barbus mariae) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. Its taxonomic identity is not entirely clear: it might not be distinct from B. oxyrhynchus, but if it is, the rather indeterminable taxon B. matris might refer to the rhinofish and be its valid scientific name. It is found only in Kenya. Its natural habitat is rivers. Its status is insufficiently known, mainly due to the taxonomic uncertainties.

comment_de: Labeobarbus mariae (Syn.: Barbus mariae) ist eine großwüchsige Barbenart aus Ostafrika.

comment_zh: 瑪麗亞魮（学名：Barbus mariae）為輻鰭魚綱鯉形目鯉科的其中一個種。分布於非洲肯亞Athi與Tana河流域，體長可達34.2公分，可做為食用魚。

label_pt: Barbus mariae

synonym: See text

comment_pt: Barbus mariae é uma espécie de peixe actinopterígeo da família Cyprinidae. Apenas pode ser encontrada no Quénia. Os seus habitats naturais são: rios.

label_nl: Barbus mariae

label_es: Barbus mariae

label_de: Labeobarbus mariae


name_en: 20th GMA Dove Awards

label_en: 20th GMA Dove Awards

comment_en: The 20th Annual GMA Dove Awards were held on April 13, 1989 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 1988. The show was held in Nashville, Tennessee.


abstract_it: Atti dell'amore (in danese Kjerlighedens Gjerninger) è un'opera teologica scritta nel 1847 sotto forma di discorsi cristiani da Søren Kierkegaard. L'opera è strutturata con discorsi separati in 2 parti, ognuna comprendente rispettivamente 5 e 10 capitoli. Ognuno di questi capitoli parla dell'amore cristiano riflettendo sui significati di molti passi del Vangelo. Kierkegaard scriverà nella prefazione della sua opera: \"Queste riflessioni cristiane, che sono il frutto di molta meditazione, vogliono essere comprese lentamente, per poterlo essere facilmente; mentre di certo rimarranno molto difficili per chi le leggesse di sfuggita e per pura curiosità. «Quel Singolo» che anzitutto riflette per suo conto se voglia leggerle o non, se poi sceglie di leggerle, rifletta amabilmente se la difficoltà o la facilità, una volta che siano messe accuratamente sulla bilancia, non si equilibrino. Ma forse la realtà cristiana è presentata in modo falso, se la si giudica troppo facile o troppo difficile. Sono «riflessioni cristiane», perciò non sull'«amore» - ma sugli «atti dell'amore». Si tratta degli «atti dell'amore», non nel senso che qui siano elencanti o descritti tutti i suoi atti: ben lungi! Neppure ogni singolo atto è descritto in modo esauriente; no, per amor di Dio! Ciò che nella sua ricchezza è essenzialmente inesauribile, è anche nel suo minimo atto essenzialmente indescrivibile, proprio perché ciò ch'è essenzialmente presente, e in modo totale, dappertutto, non si può essenzialmente descrivere.\"

label_zh: 愛之工

label_en: Works of Love

comment_zh: 《愛之工》（丹麥語：Kjerlighedens Gjerninger，英語：Works of Love）是祈克果在1847年所完成的基督教倫理學作品。主題是愛的命令之實踐。 本書分為兩大部份。第一部份論聖經中「要愛你的鄰舍」的誡命。第二部份，則是對哥林多前書十三章的「愛訓」所作的解析。

abstract_en: Works of Love (Danish: Kjerlighedens Gjerninger) is a work by Søren Kierkegaard written in 1847. It is one of the works which he published under his own name, as opposed to his more famous \"pseudonymous\" works. Works of Love deals primarily with the Christian conception of agape love in contrast with erotic love (eros) or preferential love (phileo) given to friends and family. Kierkegaard uses this value/virtue to understand the existence and relationship of the individual Christian. Having helped found Existentialism, he uses it and a high level of theology citing the scriptures of the Christian Bible. Many of the chapters take a mention of love from the New Testament and center reflections about the transfer of individuals from secular modes (the stages of the aesthetic and ethical) to genuine religious experience and existence. Since human experience is a key to understanding Kierkegaard, the actual relationships and experiences of disciples and of Christ are characterized here as tangible models for behavior. Kierkegaard as a Christian ethicist (represented by this work) is likely to be considered distinct from many ways in which the religion's mainstream seems to function from the viewpoint of an outside observer. This is not only a function of Christian existentialism but also of his time period and political events occurring in his native Denmark.

label_pt: As Obras do Amor

label_it: Atti dell'amore

abstract_pt: As Obras do Amor, Algumas considerações cristãs em forma de discursos (no original dinamarquês Kaerlighedens Gerninger) é um livro escrito pelo filósofo e teólogo dinamarquês Søren Kierkegaard em 1847. Trata dos mistérios do Amor cristão de forma a analisar esse sentimento em relação às fundações cristãs de caridade e crença. Logo na introdução, traz a consideração de que o Amor em si é o único sentimento do qual não se deve - ou deveria - abandonar, conquanto no Amor estão todas as coisas vivas e não vivas, inclusive o próprio ser humano.É uma obra que trata do amor retratado no âmbito religioso, com considerações que avaliam o amor humano em uma corrente de mistério que só pode ser explicado, conhecido e mantido se for alvo de extrema fé e consideração, gerando frutos eternos de virtude. Kierkegaard utiliza dessa linguagem Cristã para definir um amor acima dos sentimentos humanos, fundamentando suas considerações em uma base existencialista, que aborda o indivíduo como sendo o único responsável por sua própria condição humana, de onde advem o significado de sua própria existência. No ser. Os temas principais são: \n*  Parte um: \n* A vida oculta do amor e seu reconhecimento através de seus frutos, \n* Você deve amar, \n* Você deve amar seu vizinho, \n* Amor é o cumprimento da lei, \n* Amor é assunto da consciência, \n* É nosso dever amar aqueles a quem nós vemos, \n* Nosso dever em relação a estar em débito com o amor ao próximo. \n*  Parte dois: \n* O amor constrói, \n* O amor acredita em todas as coisas, contudo nunca é enganado, \n* O amor espera em todas as coisas e contudo nunca se envergonha, \n* O amor busca não a si próprio, \n* O amor conforma-se e suporta, \n* Misericórida, \n* Um trabalho de amor, \n* Mesmo que isso resulte em nada, e seja capaz de realizar nada, \n* A vitória da reconciliação no amor o qual vence o dominador, \n* O trabalho do amor em lembrar-se dos mortos, \n* O trabalho do amor em saudar o amor. Søren Kierkegaard discute sobre a ética no Amor em si, para consigo mesmo e para com o próximo. O fator de amar por amar traz em si muita divergência, conquanto a menor das traições pode causar a mágoa e por conseguinte a desistência do amor. Mas em o amor tornando-se um dever da alma e do corpo, como uma prática constante e eterna, torna o Homem que lhe é possuidor um Homem livre, livre da angústia e da inconstância, e pronto para amar a si e ao próximo no mais legítimo Amor cristão. Apreciação: \"Oh, no mundo muito se fala de traição e de infidelidade, e oxalá quisesse Deus melhorar isso, pois infelizmente é muito verdadeiro, mas não nos esqueçamos jamais, por causa disso, que o traidor mais perigoso de todos é aquele que cada homem traz dentro de si. Esta traição, quer se trate de se amar de maneira egoísta, quer se trate de egoisticamente não se amar de maneira certa, esta traição é certamente um segredo; por causa dele ninguém se alarma como por causa da traição e da infidelidade; mas será que por isso mesmo não seria importante sempre de novo recordar a doutrina do Cristianismo: de que um homem deve amar o seu próximo como a si mesmo, isto é, como ele deve amar a si mesmo?\" \"Uma ruptura então se produziu; foi o mal humor, a frieza, a indiferença quem os separou; no entanto, um deles rompeu e ele agora diz: \"Eu não falo mais com essa pessoa, não a vejo mais.\" Mas o que ama diz: \"Eu permaneço em meu amor; dessa forma, nós ainda conversamos um com o outro, pois às vezes o silêncio também faz parte da conversa.\"


name_en: James N. Tucker, Jr.

givenName_en: James

label_en: James N. Tucker, Jr.

abstract_en: James N. Tucker, Jr. (born November 1, 1934) was an educator and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Charlotte County and then Charlotte-Fundy in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1972 to 1987 as a Progressive Conservative member. He was born in L'Etete, New Brunswick, the son of James N. Tucker, and educated at the University of New Brunswick and the University of Bridgeport. Tucker was a teacher, guidance counsellor and Junior high school principal. In 1958, he married Anna Mae Hooper. Tucker was first elected in an 1972 by-election held after the death of John Rigby. He served as speaker for the provincial assembly from 1981 to 1985. Tucker was named Minister of Fisheries in 1985. He was defeated by Eric Allaby when he ran for reelection in 1987.

description_en: Canadian politician


name_en: Marco D'Amico

givenName_en: Marco

label_en: Marco D'Amico

comment_en: Marco D'Amico (born January 1, 1936) is a Chicago mobster and a high-ranking member of the Chicago Outfit crime organization. He admitted his role in the Chicago Outfit in federal court in 1995.

surname_en: D'Amico

description_en: American mobster


label_en: Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit University

comment_en: Jagadguru Ramanadacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit University (Hindi: जगद्गुरु रामानन्दाचार्य राजस्थान संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय) formerly known as Rajasthan Sanskrit University, is a public state university situated in Madau (Bhankrota) Jaipur. It is a Sanskrit university established by government of Rajasthan to cherish and promote Sanskrit education in India to get back its glory.


name_en:
(The Right Reverend)
Harry Sherbourne Kennedy
Harry S. Kennedy

givenName_en: Harry

label_en: Harry S. Kennedy

comment_en: Harry Sherbourne Kennedy was a bishop of Hawaii in The Episcopal Church.


abstract_pl: Jerzy Władysław Kolendo (ur. 9 czerwca 1933 w Brześciu nad Bugiem, zm. 28 lutego 2014 w Warszawie) – polski historyk i archeolog, specjalizujący się w dziejach starożytnego Rzymu, profesor nauk humanistycznych, wykładowca akademicki.

name_en: Jerzy Kolendo

givenName_en: Jerzy

label_en: Jerzy Kolendo

comment_en: Jerzy Wladyslaw Kolendo (born June 9, 1933, in Brest on the Bug; died February 28, 2014) was a Polish historian and archaeologist who specialized in the history of ancient Rome. Kolendo graduated from the University of Warsaw in 1955, going on to then received his doctoral degree at Warsaw in 1960. He completed his habilitation in history in 1968. Recognizing his scholarly accomplishments, President Bronislaw Komorowski presented Kolendo with the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2011.

abstract_de: Jerzy Władysław Kolendo (geboren am 9. Juni 1933 in Brest am Bug; gestorben am 28. Februar 2014) war ein polnischer Althistoriker und Klassischer Archäologe. Jerzy Kolendo beendete sein Studium der Geschichte im Jahr 1955 an der Universität Warschau, an der er 1960 mit einer Arbeit über die römischen Kolonien des 1. und 2. Jahrhunderts in der Provinz Africa promoviert wurde. Am Historischen Institut der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, dem er von 1955 bis 1981 angehörte, wurde er 1968 habilitiert und 1979 zum Professor ernannt. 1981 wurde er Dozent, 1990 schließlich Professor am Archäologischen Institut der Universität Warschau und lehrte dort bis zu seiner Emeritierung 2003. Gastprofessuren führten ihn 1983 und 1986 an die Universität Padua, 1988 an die Universität Straßburg und von 1993 bis 1994 an die Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Für seine Verdienste wurde er 2011 mit dem Kommandeurskreuz des Ordens Polonia Restituta ausgezeichnet. Das wissenschaftliche Werk Kolendos umfasst mehr als 500 Aufsätze und Monographien. Sie widmeten sich ganz überwiegend Themen des Römischen Reichs wie der Lebensmittelproduktion, der Sklaverei, immer wieder aber vor allem den Beziehungen Roms zum Barbaricum und Limesproblemen. Den geographischen Schwerpunkt bildeten hierbei Karthago und Nordafrika, Bereiche, in denen er intensive epigraphische Studien betrieb. Darüber hinaus galten seine Interessen den antiquarischen Studien in Polen und in den polnischen Wissenschaften vom 16. bis zum späten 19. Jahrhundert sowie den Folgen der Großen Emigration nach dem Novemberaufstand 1830/31 in Polen.

label_pl: Jerzy Kolendo

surname_en: Kolendo

description_en: Polish archaeologist

label_de: Jerzy Kolendo